Showing posts with label Tobago. Show all posts
Showing posts with label Tobago. Show all posts

Monday, 25 November 2013

Excursion Up The Rivers & The Woods in Tobago, over 100 years ago: "The Main Ridge"

The Fort

Dear C.
        Will you take lunch with us on.........We will talk about another expediation in the woods, to beat the one up the river hollow.


Yours, L.M.

Lunched at the Mess that day, taled the matter over; it was agreed that they who wished to go should meet me at.........and arrange all particulars necessary foran excursion from W.H. River by the Main Ridge to Charlotteville.
Provision on a liberal scale meat and drink, attendants, cooking apparatus etc. were to be provided
for the three days - at which time we conceived the journey wold be completed.
To each person was allotted the share he was to contribute in the articles necessary for the excursion six followers were to accompany us as carriers, cutlass men etc.
Each of us carrying in a blanket, a suit of clothes, etc., covered with an oil cloth - soldier fashion, gun and dogs, pocket compass, matches, tinder-box; a lot of hard boiled eggs were not forgotten in the list.
Mackie and Cowper came to the “Meet" but whether owing to duty or a consideration that three days and nights in the woods might tend to a fever that would occasion a vacancy and promotion in their Regts, - two were absent.........it was however put down that they were on Garrison duty.
Sometime in the month of.........everything right and ready, away we went from.........to the W.H. River - followed it up until not too distant from the Main Ridge - built out hut at about 4 o'clock p.m. and camped for the night close to the river.
The murmur of the stream, the absence of mosquitoes, a blazing fire nearly 3 ft. high is leeward of us - the coolness of the air - the sweetness of sleep that night, was never surpassed by us since our infant days.
The hut was covered with palm leaves - our bed the branches without the hard or woody part.

Between 4 and 5 o'clock next morning, sleep was at an end, indeed impossible.
On every side not far from us, the gangs of Cocrico, country turn"; agoutis came for their morning meal of gru gru nuts; the King of the wood were enquiring - "Who you", while the whistle and chirp of innumerable brids and insects filled the air and were a prohibition to further sleep.
One of our men took the gun and dogs, and added to our Commissariat a few cocricos and agoutis. We put fire to a couple of gru gru trees for amusement, and two manacoos and some picarry  rate, after climbing up the branches to the top, jumped down and were killed - a help to the followers pot.
A bath, bread and tea, hard boiled eggs, and we bid adieu to the rive for the Main Ridge, which was reached after an hour's walking, in a slanting direction through under bush. Memory fails me as to the course to be steered by the compass - but I think it was N.E.
We observed the soil to be free from stones of great size, a variety of trees viz. the "Pauder", which bears a large bean or pods, especially esteemed by the parrots - the pulp being very sweet - I was informed was sold in the Trinidad market. A few nutmeg trees, the seeds with a scant mace, scarcely deserved the name - a locust tree occasionally the beef wood, the colour and smell of corned beef - the Naked Boy, having little or no bark. Others of which we were ignorant and dependent upon “Celim"  for their names and uses.
I need not refer further to trees for a better description than I could give appears in the well—got-up handbook compiled by the Hon. L.G. Hay - our Treasurer.
We took turn about to steer - compass in hand walking was not difficult, nor the heat oppressive; a few agoutis and armadillas, were added to our store - many cocricos were about, but the talk and noise sent them into hiding, then you can say good-bye to them. Piccarys no where.
No halt was made for lunch, while walking we were eating and drinking. At about 4 o'clock, having selected where to camp - an eye given to the proximity of water - operations commenced for the hut - wattles, posts, vines, palm or other branches, were procured tied together in some kind of way, some palm or other branches thrown inside as bedding was thought quite good enough for fellows who intend to rough it. A large fire was made to last until next morning - water taken from the little stream close by - we went to dinner, and enjoyed it.
Our followers, whose appetites for meat and drink seemed to be at the highest, not content with a fair portion of our fare, had the agoutis, armadillos, rats etc. cleaned, salted, and on sticks over the fire and long after we had retired for sleep, the white rum and roasted game was succeeded by songs and nancy stories; not altogether to our enjoyment, but we slept well.
Thus ended the second day. Under favourable circumstances we commenced the third day — but as we progressed the woods became more hilly, the trees down the sides larger, the soil damp - very little ridge - up one hill - down another - walking not so pleasant.
Came dose upon the rise of a branch of the Goldsboro' river (Dog River) about 15 feet of a slide down the hill put us into it. Large stones surrounded by water, with very little egress under them; a number of good sized mullets were caught by Baptiste; these cooked in greased paper - a squeeze of lime - a few bird peppers - a little salt for a sauce - added much to our breaktast, which we made there and then, and was fit for the veriest epicure.
The other branch of this river has a large water-fall from the Lure Estate, which the fish cannot ascend. As we did not pass it, we concluded that its rise was lower down.
During this day we came upon a part of the Ridge where the soil was poor - the trees stunted and covered with razor grass (those who know this grass avoid its company). All the Cutlass men had to go to work, and we took at the rate of about an hour to walk a mile.
I may say that the Main Ridge proper is both poor in soil - in the size of trees - in animals - in game even in snakes.
Celim Cunningham, our chief man who claimed to be well versed in all the wonders of the Main Ridge, had been accustomed when at Richmond or Glamorgan, as carpenter, to take had wood from the woods for estates purposes.
On these occasions he had seen extraordinary things "a serpent with two heads, another with a comb on its head, and crowed like a cock, etc." The razor grass had not been very pleasant to Celim, and ever and anon a call was made upon him about the serpents; till at last, he could stand the "chaff" no longer and fairly lost temper. Paradise however, was soon regained.
Let me deviate from the Ridge for a moment.

While on the subject of serpents, I may remark that the Honorable LG. Hay's Handbook, which does credit to him as a compiler, is I think correct in stating that most of our snakes are not venomous; but the Boa he leaves doubtful. The Boa, from what I have seen, is neither venomous nor wicked - a woman tramped on one, was bitten on the foot, and several fangs left there were picked out - a hot glass of "Toddy" was given to her, and she suffered no bad effect.
In looking for hard wood, I sat upon one coiled in the cavity of a fallen tree, while eating breakfast; nothing occurred to me, but the carpenter who was with me, taking my place for his "snack" was seen to send plate, ham, and everything himself included, flying - the Boa crawled out from sleep to meet death.
On another occasion my dogs were in chase of an agouti in rather thick scrub, when I heard the death note "Me go pay you". I went to the place gun in hand, peeping, peering, to find the agouti - upon lifting up my head, a large Boa, within a yard of me, was looking right into my face with glistering eyes, rapid movement of its forked tongue, and body erect. In very quick time, the gun was to the shoulder - but had it been inclined, it had the first chance, and could have planted its fangs in my face, and taken a turn round me. It measured 12 feet.
Another, and I close with snakes - out shooting with my man "Quashey", we met about 10 Boas all in a lump - after taking a good look at them we retired to a safe distance, and gave the heap the right and left barrels of two double guns, some remained, the rest, with a kind of moan, scattered in all directions - it was not a pleasing sight.
As a rule, the boa seizes the animals with the mouth, taking immediately a double or two round them - if dogs are present, the animal (dead) is placed at its tail and with body erect, is ready for a fight. These instances were in places near home, and not far in the woods.
The further we advanced, the more formidable were the hills - the more precipitous the sides - in some places we had to change our nature - in place of walking on our feet we had to resort to sliding on our.........
Now and then we were on the Ridge, and got a peep at the sea on both sides of us. A steep descent into another valley, and a terrible look before us. "By George, this is awful work" was sometimes heard, but on we went - eating and drinking went on also.
He we saw the largest tree during the excursion. lt was an Angeline. lts location was at the foot of a valley, the side of which took us nearly an hour, not to walk but to scramble up. Some Greenheart and Cogwood in blossom, had chosen a particular locality, in an adjacent valley.
I forgot to mention that early in the day we sent Celim up a tall tree to look out. Richmond House was in sight on the south.
My military friends said little, no doubt thought it also "awful work" but made no complaint.
Four o'clock - getting dusk, time to erect hut, procure water and dine. Down came torrents of rain, everyone, nearly everything dripping wet - Commissariat almost expended - a bad look out for the night and the morrow.
The followers mentioned as to the building of the hut 7 "We must lie down under the trees“. Seizing cutlasses, we went to work cutting wattles, vines, branches, etc. gathered all the dried sticks and leaves we could find to make a fire and after much difficulty succeeded.
The getting up of the fire drove the sulks away, and things assumed a better appearance.
Our frugal meal by the light of a large fire over,nothing remained for the next day but some tea, salt and part of a bottle of brandy; this latter was put under my care, and placed under my head. I can't say pillow.
        On the 4th morning, after preparing for a start, the bottle was looked for but it had very little in it — that little we took “neat"; we required it. Having resumed our bush clothes that had been drying during the night at the fire, we retraced our way for some time to find a likely valley to lead to a river; following a valley we reached a gully with water - the rise of the Richmond River. this we followed until we arrived at the Works at about 4 o'clock pm.
        Little attention was paid to Geology, Botany, or any other thing, but to get to the end of our journey.
        An incident however occurred at one of the waterfalls I must relate. Baptiste, who liked his grog, had a look about him, not quite right in sliding down the side of one of the fall he fell into the pool below - it was deep - not being able to swim he disappeared, but we were ready on his appearance to give him assistance; he was landed at the lower part of the pool, where he lay for some time. One of the soldiers (an African) put a handful of salt into his mouth, which produced a stream of water - sitting up he said "Massa! I drink enough water". I replied “Who drank the Brandy!" "Oh ne, Massa, I
won't tell lie - da me". Shortly after he proceeded with us.
Arrived at Richmond Works our appearance was not incur favour - a dirty looking set with a remnant only of shoes to our feet - the little girls and boys took to their heels with fright, but the older people, after a good searching look, advanced and had a palaver with the savages from the woods. At a quiet nook in the river, we put our best clothes and left for Inverawe House, the residence of Mr. Gairdner.
Too late for dimer — fried ham and eggs etc. - dreadful thirst during night — little sleep; terminated our Main Ridge excursion.
After breakfast next morning Mackie and Cowper took advantage of a cutter going from Roxbrd Bay to Scarbro'. I went farther to Windward to fulfil a long promised visit.
To have accomplished our intention, it would have taken 3 or 4 clays more.
     
When we took the last look towards "Pigeon Hill"(near to Charlotteville) the hills seemed as if they had increased to mountains, they towered over one another - to reach Charlotteville seemed almost impossible.
Time wore on - things assumed their accustomed look - discussion upon the Ridge ceased. Death did its work - Mackie died some months after of congestive fever - Cowper was killed at Canton, blowing down a wall - Baptiste drank himself to death.
The Hurricane of '47 swept the tops of their Majesties of the woods, into a broken and tangled mass; and now, I alone am left to tell the tale.


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Thursday, 14 November 2013

Tobago Tombstones

Mr. James Clark


Madelaine Ventour


Lieutenant Governor Peter Campbell

Charles John Waller

Frederica Caroline Anderson

James Laird

Betty Stiven and child

John Scott & Joseph Scott



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Friday, 30 August 2013

The Historical Society of Trinidad and Tobago


THE HISTORICAL SOCIETY OF TRINIDAD
AND TOBAGO

Publication No 482.

The Chevalier de Jobal, Commandant of Tobago
to the Minister of the Colonies. 1789.

Source: Paris. Archives Nationales.
State Papers Colonial. C 10. E 11.

Published by the courtesy of the Minister 
of the Colonies. Paris.

Translated from the French

                                                Port Louis.
                                                   1st March 1790.

___________________________________________________

Summary.

        The Chevalier de Jobal regrets to report that the insubordination amongst the troops has not ceased. A return to order and quiet had been expected when the 1st Battalion of the Guadeloupe Regiment replaced the 3rd Battalion.

Unfortunately, the change was not a complete one since the Compagnies de Mallet and de Cordelier, remained in Tobago. It was these Compagnies which had caused the troubles in November 1789; and they have now infected the other three Compagnies.

On Mardi Gras, the soldiers presented to me some ridiculous and vexatious requisitions. I tried to quiet
them and reason with them but they were very troublesome and only settled down after some money and wine had been distributed.

Two days later, the soldiers took up their arms and refused to obey their officers. They ... Robelin and Darsonval as their Chiefs and made violent threats against those in authority and promised to cut him (the Commandant) into small pieces and sell them at one sol a pound.

In about a week, he had managed to cool them down and bring them back to obedience. In this, he had been greatly assisted by Monsieur Masse, the Ordonnateur, and Captains Despres and Michon. The Chevalier claimed to have discovered the secret cause of this rebellion. He found that the soldiers were talking about Messrs Bosque, Orelier and Guya, all of whom had been convicted in the Criminal Courts and had left Tobago three months before the arrival of these troops.
                                                                                                                                                
___________________________________________________                


The Historical Society of Trinidad and Tobago


THE HISTORICAL SOCIETY OF TRINIDAD
AND TOBAGO

Publication No 483.

The Minister of the Colonies, le Duc de la Luzerne,
 to the Administrators of Tobago. 1790.

Source: Paris. Archives Nationales.
State Papers Colonial. C 10. E 11.

Published by the courtesy of the Minister 
of the Colonies. Paris.

Translated from the French

                                                Versailles.
                                                   12th March 1790.

___________________________________________________

Summary.

        The Minister has learnt with satisfaction that the Chevalier de Johal and Monsieur Roume de St Laurent
have been able to settle their differences in the face of the serious events now taking place in Tobago and the critical times to which France itself, is exposed.

        The Minister has directed the Committee which had been formed to enquire into and report on these mutual complaints, to cease any further consideration of the matter.
                                                                                                                                                 La Luzerne
___________________________________________________                

Friday, 26 August 2011

Life back then

Historical Events - April


1st Inland postal orders come into use in 1905
2nd Wm. W. Cairns, C.M.G. becomes governor, 1874
3rd Port-of-Spain Brotherhood formed with 66 members, 1910
4th Siparia Races, 1913
5th Lt. Gov. Walker arrived, 1860. Princess Marie Louise arrived, 1913
7th Lord Brackley’s Team left, 1905. Sporting Chronicle started, 1907.
9th Presentation by governor to Lt.-Col. J.H. Collens on retirement, 1914
10th Foundation stone of Greyfriars Presbyterian Church laid, 1837
11th J. Bell Smyth died (Eng.), 1905 General Sir I. Hamilton inspects forces, 1911
13th Governor Sir Henry George McLeod arrived, 1840
14th John Joseph died, 1901. First wireless mast erected on wharf, 1913
16th Athletic Sports Scarborough, 1906. Harrison Col. Cricket Team arrived, 1909
17th Gregor Turnbull died, 1879
18th Princess Marie Louise opened New Marie Louise Hall R.V.I., 1913
19th St. Hill’s Cricket Team arrived, 1899
20th John George Haynes died, 1910 Princess Marie Louise left, 1913
21st Klark-Urban Dramatic Co. began

Performances, 1913
22nd Lord Harris arrived, 1846
24th Edward Everard Rushworth D.C.L. (Administrator) 1866
25th Governor Le Hunte and party left for Bolivar, 1912
26th Governor Moloney and party visited Sangre Grande coal borings,1902
27th Prudentia arrived, first oil tank steamer (loading 1,128,755 gals), 1911
29th James Drennan (San Fernando) died, 1905
30th Conrad F. Stollmeyer died, 1904. Government took over Floating Dock, 1910
Source: Franklin’s Yearbook of 1916
Tobago Chronolgy Part 3
compiled by C.R. Ottley
1841 First steamship of Rlyal Mail Steamship line arrives
1843 Metayer system of sugar cultivation established at Prospect estate
1847 Hurricane sweeps the island
1851 Governor Ross dies as a result of falling from his carriage
1852 Land tax introduced
1854 British troops withdraw from Fort King George

1855 Constitution amended. Privy Council and Executive Council set up
1856 First public hospital built
1871 Franchise estended to all land-owners
1872 Disestablishment of the English church
1874 Single chamber act introduced. Twon houses of parliament replaced by Tobago Legislative Council
1876 Belmanna riots at Roxborough. Police routed. Tobago becomes a Crown colony. Legislative Council abolished.
1885 Barbados separated from federation. Tobago’s headquarters moved to Grenada. Grenadians settle in large numbers.
1889 Tobago linked with Trinidad under a Commissioner.
1899 Tobago made a ward of Trinidad
1900 First telephones installed.

Thursday, 18 August 2011

Tobago's Chronology

From discovery to becoming British

(compiled by Carlton Ottley)

1498 Discovery by Christpher Columbus

1580 Visit by English soldiers

1596 Reported uninhabited by Captain Keymis of the ‘Darling’

1627 Visit by Durch Captain Joachim Gijsz on his way to Brazil

1628 Charles I of England grants the island to Earl of Pembroke. Jan de Moor, Burgomaster of Flushing, sends Jacob Maersz to command a settlement called New Walcheren, which is later abandoned.

1632 200 Dutch men and women arrive and settle under Cornelius de Moor

1636 Dutch driven out by Spaniards from Trinidad

1639 More English settlers arrive from England

1640 Caribs drive out English, who then settle in Trinidad

1641 Charles I makes birthday gift of the island to his godson James, Duke of Courland

1642 Courlanders arrive and settle on north coast, but are driven out by Caribs by 1650

1654 Oliver Cromwell supports claims of Courlanders

1658 Dutch seize Courland and make Courlanders pay tribute

1662 Adrian Lamsins, a Dutchman, is created Baron of Tobago by Louis XIV of France

1666 English capture Dutch settlement in Tobago, the French from Grenada drive out English, the Dutch return

1667 Peter Constant arrives as Dutch governor and builds town near Scarborough

1672 English capture island from Dutch

1676 Dutch return and re-settle. French attack Dutch and blow up Dutch fort

1678 Treaty restores Tobago to the Dutch. Courlanders return but are driven out by French and Caribs

1683 Tobago is sold to Captain Poyntz by the Duke of Courland

1684 Tobago declared a no-man’s land by powers of Europe

1698 British navy arrives and quells disturbances among settlers

1706 French squadron uses Tobago as base in the West Indies

1723 Pirates use Tobago as rendezvous. British man-o-war drives them out

1748 French from Martinique attempt settlement. French government orders them out

1749 French and English remove their nationals from the island

1760 French return

1762 French driven out by British

1763 England’s claim to Tobago guaranteed by Treaty of Paris

1764 First English governor arrives and a settlement is started

Tobago becomes a ward of Trinidad

It is only a century ago that Tobago was annexed to Trinidad. On the 1st January, 1899, Tobago was made a ward of its bigger sister isle. Before that, it was a British crown colony in its own right, with its own governor, own administration - and its own debts and import duties, of course. Being a small island has never been easy!

As one can see in the chronology, Tobago was in the 17th and 18th century much more fought over by the European powers than Trinidad. It was simply more developed than Trinidad, providing sugar en masse to sweeten England’s tea, while Trinidad was still an underpopulated Spanish colony, covered in bush up to the late 18th century, when French settlers and their slaves started to establish large plantations.

But in the 19th century, Tobago’s agriculture-based economy went down. It became too expensive for the British Crown to maintain it as a colony, and so it was decided to annex it to Trinidad. This administrative step bears its problems to this day, since Tobago and Trinidad a religiously, culturally, ethnically and even linguistically very different. In 1885, Tobago even conducted all its trade with Grenada and Barbados, and not with Trinidad.

50 years ago, people who remembered that annexation were still alive. In 1950, Tobagonian historian Carlton Ottley wrote an ironic account of it in his little travel-book about Tobago:

“[Tobagonian] Governor Llewelyn invited Governor Robinson from Trinidad to come to a dinner here. WHen the roast lamb was brought in, the legend goes, Llewelyn was pressing home his point as to the advantages that would be derived by Trinidad as being able to procure so near and cheap a supply of foodstuffs, and more especially livestock. There was, however, need for no further dilation on the point, for the proof of the theory was in the eating of the lamb.”

As Ottley describes further, it was not necessarily so advantageous for Trinidad to incorporate the ‘white elephant’ Tobago. Per-capita taxation in Tobago was a fraction of that in Trinidad, and so was the gross inland revenue. On the other hand, Trinidad was already spending thousands of pounds every year on immigration, railways, telegraphy, pensions etc., it did not need Tobago’s bills on top of that. But the Secretary of State in England had decided two years ago, and the two islands must have ‘tied the nuptial knot’ quite teethgrittingly!

The inhabitants, however, had some short-term benefits from the union. Tobago became the ‘market garden’ of Trinidad, as Ottley describes in the 1950s, and Tobagonians had less duty to pay on foodstuffs and imported goods. As Ottley relates in the following anecdote:

“At a public meeting held in Scarborough, the head teacher addressed the tightly packed audience thus: ‘Brethren, do you want annexation?’ The motley crowd rose up wth a great shout and answered: ‘No!’ When with difficulty silence had been restored, the speaker continued. ‘But brethren,’ said he, ‘if we should get annexation we are also going to get walt-fish cheap, flour cheap, cornmeal cheap, for we ain’t going to pay no duty. Now do you want annexation?’ And the crowd rose once more and shouted: ‘Gie a we annixation, gie a we annixation!’ And thus it was, that when the leg of mutton came in and the people shouted ‘gie a we annixation’, Tobago’s independence passed away.”

Of course, Tobago had not been independent before she became a ward of Trinidad, but had been ruled as a British Crown Colony. In 1962, however, she became part of a truly independent country, Trinidad and Tobago, and in 1976, gained republican status along with Trinidad.